The idea behind Climate Control is to maintain a steady preset temperature which is controlled by the occupants of the car, it’s a bit like setting the thermostat on your home central heating system to maintain a set temperature in your house but this one is more sophisticated.

The cc system has a central processor located immediately behind the front display panel connected to the display by a ribbon that can be detached if the dash needs to be removed. This processor receives inputs from :-

These sensors are checked and monitored four times every second.

The unit also controls the air distribution motors and the air temperature blend doors as well as processing signals and controlling the other components of the air conditioning system such as the compressor and Heater Blower Controller (HBC).

The whole system is designed to achieve the desired internal preset temperature as quickly as possible and then to maintain that temperature irrespective of the external ambient conditions.

The temperature controls of the cc unit can be set between 17 and 29 centigrade with additional settings of “Lo” achieving maximum cooling and “Hi” for maximum heating. As a matter of interest the Lo setting has a value of 15c and the Hi setting a value of 32c. For Fahrenheit buffs 17c equates to 62.6f and 29c equates to 84.2f.
 

There has in the past been confusion over the operation of the cc system so we will run through a few of the basics.

Firstly don’t confuse the temperature of the air coming out of the vents with the temperature that you have set in the temperature windows on the control panel, they will rarely be the same nor should they be. A good example of this would be setting in a nominal setting of 21c/70f , on a cold day with an external ambient temperature of say 4c, the temperature coming out of the vents at least to start with can be in the region of 38c. On a scorcher in summer with the outside temperature of say 28c and with the temp setting on the cc unit still set at 21c the vent temps may only be 5 or 6c. I’m sure you can now see the logic behind the unit. Basically the set temperature is the temperature inside the car that the system will attempt to achieve and to do this it will pump in cold or hot air as required.

The system also has some clever features to achieve the desired temperature as quickly as possible, when the “Auto” setting is selected the system really comes into its own and in my opinion should be left in this position at all times if you are going to get the best out it. This not only controls the temperature of the air coming out of the vents but also the speed of the fans and under certain conditions the recirculated air function and the air distribution. For example if high cooling power is required when the ac is first switched on then the system will automatically switch to recirculated air to achieve maximum cooling even though the LED in the recirc switch will not illuminate. At the other extreme when the outside air temperature is very low the system will automatically go to the defrost setting for up to five minutes and will override the manual setting of the air distribution flaps pushing the air towards the front windscreen and it will set the air speed fans to low speed to avoid blowing cold air into the interior.

NOTE: When the system is set to AUTO and the Air Distribution control is set at Defrost the cc system will put the fan on as soon as the engine starts and run the air conditioning pump in order to demist the front screen - this can be disconcerting. If the Air Distribution control is set on any other position then the fan will not start to operate until the coolant temperature exceeds the interior temperature.

As has been said earlier the system also receives speed pulses from the speed sensor to tell the cc module what velocity the car is travelling at. This is used to control the speed of the fans to the air vents, for example if you are sitting in traffic in hot weather then it will instruct the fans to speed up, however if you are on the open highway doing 70mph then the air being forced naturally into the cabin makes high fan speed unnecessary and it will lower the fan speed accordingly.
 

Another very clever and well thought out sensor is the UV or sunlight load sensor located on the top of the dash, it's purple in colour and a lot of Scorpio owners are intrigued to know what it is and what it does.

Well let’s investigate the theory behind it first. All temperature readings that you see on weather reports and forecasts are taken in the shade, they are actually taken from inside a white painted box with louvers called a Stevenson screen. Say the temperature for example is 21c and its cloudy, it will feel exactly the same in the shady area of your garden as in an area where if the sun was shining it would be quite hot. Imagine then that the skies clear and now when you walk from the shady to the sunny area of your garden. Your body detects a noticeable difference in temperature as you feel the sun beating down on you. But has the temperature being reported in the shade of the Stevenson screen changed at all? Well hardly, maybe by a couple of degrees, but your body now in full sun will feel the effect of the direct rays of the sun markedly. And basically this is the idea behind the sun load sensor. The temperature sensors in your Scorpio may not be registering much change in the internal ambient temperature when the sun suddenly comes out, but you will feel the heat of the suns rays on your body and will feel much hotter. The SLD (sun load sensor) measures the intensity of the light falling on it and adjusts the cooling load of the cc to compensate for the suns heat. Clever eh!

So let’s just recap. When the cc is set to “Auto” the blower speed is changed continuously depending on the temperature setting, the amount of sunlight falling upon the sun load sensor, the outside temperature and the velocity of the vehicle.

You can of course deselect the auto operation and manually set the fan speed to one of 27 preset speeds.

As far as selecting temperatures for the passenger and drivers side these cannot exceed 6c difference, the driver’s side always has priority. The cc system always defaults to ac “on” when the ignition is turned, this can be manually switched off if required, after stopping the car the system remembers the settings for approximately one hour after the ignition is switched off. Also “recirculated” air can not be selected for 15 seconds after the car is first started to allow adequate ventilation of the system.

Servicing

Just as the rest of your car needs looking after so does the ac system. It’s a good idea to have an ac health check once every couple of years.

Loss of the r134a refrigerant by natural seepage of between 60g and 130g per year is normal and as it is the refrigerant that carries around the lubricating oil to the ac compressor if you lose too much refrigerant then no oil will reach the compressor and it will seize, they are not cheap! Never has the philosophy “prevention is better than cure” been more apt.

Do ask for the complete a/c report which will give you vent temps, state of the system, high and low pressure readings, loss of refrigerant etc etc, keep these with your other servicing sheets and you will be able to keep an eye on the state of your cc system over the years giving you good forewarning of any impending problems.

The a/c specialist will evacuate the r134a from the system, weigh it to determine the charge level, it will then be cleaned and any moisture removed. Whilst this is happening the ac system will be drawn into a deep vacuum which should be held for at least 30 minutes drawing any moisture out and checking for leaks. After this time the cleaned refrigerant is gradually re-introduced to the system a bit at a time and topped up with new r134a to the correct level to replace that lost in previous years, oil is also topped up at this time. A UV dye is also inserted so that leak testing can easily be carried out.

A is the temp at the centre vent in centigrade, and B is the External temp.

For example if the external ambient is 15c then the vent temp should be between 3c and 6c. Readings in between the two lines on the graph are acceptable within spec.

Next time you have the hood up on your Scorpio take a look at the bright yellow sticker on the front cross member to the left of the car, this will tell you what charge of r134a and oil should be applied, if it says 740g of  r134a and 100ml of oil plus or minus 10% then you have the old fill capacities and you need to do some revision. In May 1995 a TSB no. 996/207 was issued increasing the amounts to 1000g of  r134a to improve cooling and 160ml of oil to prevent compressor damage. You will need to order a new yellow sticker from ford, part no.1 031 598, costing a few pence, to document the revised amount.

Old A/C sticker
 

New A/C sticker.

The next point probably will not readily apply to owners of Scorpios with Climate Control as if they have it fitted they will probably have it silently running in the background all the time, but if not then do make sure that the ac system is run for at least ten minutes every month, this keeps the compressor lubricated and prevents the o rings from drying out.

As you are probably well aware the system also filters and removes moisture from the air making it especially useful in the winter for demisting the windows. Pollen filters should be changed at least once a year, more often if you do a lot of your driving in polluted areas, when you put the new pollen, or cabin filters as they are sometimes called, they will be nice and white, when you remove them they can be very dirty even black. If you leave them too long they will eventually completely block up, preventing air flow into entering the cabin. The filters are very easy to change and are located in the evaporator housing just underneath the windscreen and easily accessed with the hood up, there are three of them for the Scorpio, simply undo the clips on the top of the housing, remove the black plastic lid and you will see the filters in front of the evaporator. Before removing them, note exactly which way they are fitted so that you can fit the new ones correctly, you may also want to order a pack of clips for the evaporator lid housing, they are only a few pence and if you were to drop one of the original clips then at least you will have some spare to hand. When fitting the new filters in place be extremely careful not to touch the fins of the evaporator itself, they are very delicate and easily damaged.
 

From time to time take a look at the ac condenser, this is located in front of the radiator at the front of the car and is of similar appearance, it is important to keep this clean and clear of debris, if this gets clogged by leaves or especially insects in the summer months the cooling ability of the system will be impaired. Take a water hose or preferably a compressed air line to this from time to time and spray straight directly onto the fins to clear any obstructions. Do not spray at an angle as this may cause damage to the fins.

Faults

In this section we will look at climate control faults, their diagnosis, and possible remedy.

From time to time you may have to reset the microprocessor in the cc unit as it can lose the setting positions of the air distribution flaps in particular, this is easily done but again there has been some confusion over this procedure in the past.

There are in fact two procedures which are quite similar which has led to this confusion, one is to display and diagnose any fault codes stored in the system and the other is to reset the system itself.

Firstly to reset the system, start the engine then turn the blower switch and air distribution switch as far left as they will go, then simultaneously press the recirc and ac buttons for about ten seconds until the code “00” appears on the passengers temp display. Now scroll down until you come to 50, then press the recirc button until the code “00” appears: then simultaneously press recirc and ac for about ten seconds until the code “00” flashing on and off appears on the passengers temp display. This finishes the initialisation process and all air distribution settings and temperature adjustments should now work correctly.

We now move onto the second procedure which will interrogate the system and reveal any stored fault codes.

The cc system tests all sensors and control elements every four seconds and registers any faults found, if a fault occurs in eight consecutive cycles then it is stored as a fault code within the system. A permanent fault which is recognised after key on is indicated for about three seconds by a flashing “88” in the passengers display.

The Air Conditioning fault codes that are stored are shown below.

Note that the error codes may also read 0n instead of 5n

51 ATC UNIT FAULTY. VALUE MEASURED BY INSIDE TEMP SENSOR TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW. REPLACE AC MODULE

52 ATC UNIT FAULTY. BLOWER OR AIR DISTRIBUTION SWITCH FAULTY.

53 OUTSIDE TEMP SENSOR READING TOO LOW OR TOO HIGH

55 DCT LH DISCHARGE TEMP SENSOR LH SIDE FOOTWELL READING TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW

56 DCT RH DISCHARGE TEMP SENSOR LH SIDE FOOTWELL READING TOO HIGH OR TOO LOW

57 HEATER BLOWER MOTOR MODULE DEFECTIVE OR NOT CONNECTED (This is located on top of the evaporator housing)

58 BATTERY VOLTAGE AT POSITIVE TERMINAL READING TOO LOW OR HIGH

59 AIR TEMP DOOR MOTOR LH SIDE OPEN OR SHORT CIRCUIT, CONTROL MOTOR DEFECTIVE

10 AIR TEMP DOOR MOTOR RH SIDE OPEN OR SHORT CIRCUIT, CONTROL MOTOR DEFECTIVE

11 AIR DISTRIBUTION DOOR MOTOR OPEN OR SHORT CIRCUIT, CONTROL MOTOR DEFECTIVE

Start the engine, make sure that the blower control is switched off, simultaneously press the recirc and ac buttons for about ten seconds, the system will then divulge any stored fault codes for example “00” for no faults or “04” for a particular fault. While the fault is being interrogated data will constantly be taken from the sensors and the operation of the actuators will be checked. Individual fault codes can be displayed by pressing the passenger’s side display. To exit the fault processing mode and clear any faults simultaneously press the recirc and ac buttons for about ten seconds with the blower fully off and then step through the initialisation procedure as previously described.

There have been several TSB’s issued concerning the cc syste. TSB 209/1995 talks of  a fault code “03” continually flashing on the display indicating a faulty outside temperature sensor connected to a faulty ac module. TSB no.10/1995 also speaks of a faulty ac module in earlier Scorpios which can be rectified.

Take a look at the principles of air conditioning and how and why the system works here.